15 Amp Wire Size at 120 Feet (240V Split-Phase (US Dryer / EV / Subpanel))
Complete conductor sizing, Ohm's law voltage drop, $I^2R$ line power loss, and circuit breaker specification for a 15 A load over a 120 ft (36.6 m) one-way run.
Copper Wire (≤3% Drop)12 AWG3.31 mm² · Drop: 2.96%
Aluminum Wire (≤3% Drop)8 AWGDrop: 4.63V (1.93%)
Voltage at Load End232.9 VLoss: 7.09 V (106.4 W)
Power & Breaker (125%)3.6 kW20A Breaker Recommended
All AWG & kcmil Wire Gauges for 15 Amps at 120 Feet (240V)
| Wire Gauge | Metric Area | NEC 75°C Cu Ampacity | Copper Voltage Drop | Load Voltage | Aluminum Drop | Line Loss ($I^2R$) | NEC Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 14 AWG | 2.08 mm² | 15 A | 11.29 V (4.7%) | 228.7 V | 18.62 V (7.76%) | 169.3 W | ~ ≤5% |
| 12 AWG | 3.31 mm² | 20 A | 7.09 V (2.96%) | 232.9 V | 11.7 V (4.88%) | 106.4 W | ✓ PASS (≤3%) |
| 10 AWG | 5.26 mm² | 30 A | 4.46 V (1.86%) | 235.5 V | 7.36 V (3.07%) | 67.0 W | ✓ PASS (≤3%) |
| 8 AWG | 8.37 mm² | 50 A | 2.81 V (1.17%) | 237.2 V | 4.63 V (1.93%) | 42.1 W | ✓ PASS (≤3%) |
| 6 AWG | 13.3 mm² | 65 A | 1.77 V (0.74%) | 238.2 V | 2.91 V (1.21%) | 26.5 W | ✓ PASS (≤3%) |
| 4 AWG | 21.15 mm² | 85 A | 1.11 V (0.46%) | 238.9 V | 1.83 V (0.76%) | 16.7 W | ✓ PASS (≤3%) |
| 3 AWG | 26.67 mm² | 100 A | 0.88 V (0.37%) | 239.1 V | 1.45 V (0.61%) | 13.2 W | ✓ PASS (≤3%) |
| 2 AWG | 33.62 mm² | 115 A | 0.7 V (0.29%) | 239.3 V | 1.15 V (0.48%) | 10.5 W | ✓ PASS (≤3%) |
| 1 AWG | 42.41 mm² | 130 A | 0.55 V (0.23%) | 239.4 V | 0.91 V (0.38%) | 8.3 W | ✓ PASS (≤3%) |
| 1/0 AWG | 53.49 mm² | 150 A | 0.44 V (0.18%) | 239.6 V | 0.72 V (0.3%) | 6.6 W | ✓ PASS (≤3%) |
| 2/0 AWG | 67.43 mm² | 175 A | 0.35 V (0.15%) | 239.7 V | 0.57 V (0.24%) | 5.2 W | ✓ PASS (≤3%) |
| 3/0 AWG | 85.01 mm² | 200 A | 0.28 V (0.12%) | 239.7 V | 0.46 V (0.19%) | 4.1 W | ✓ PASS (≤3%) |
| 4/0 AWG | 107.2 mm² | 230 A | 0.22 V (0.09%) | 239.8 V | 0.36 V (0.15%) | 3.3 W | ✓ PASS (≤3%) |
| 250 kcmil | 126.7 mm² | 255 A | 0.19 V (0.08%) | 239.8 V | 0.31 V (0.13%) | 2.8 W | ✓ PASS (≤3%) |
| 300 kcmil | 152.0 mm² | 285 A | 0.15 V (0.06%) | 239.8 V | 0.25 V (0.11%) | 2.3 W | ✓ PASS (≤3%) |
| 350 kcmil | 177.3 mm² | 310 A | 0.13 V (0.06%) | 239.9 V | 0.22 V (0.09%) | 2.0 W | ✓ PASS (≤3%) |
| 400 kcmil | 202.7 mm² | 335 A | 0.12 V (0.05%) | 239.9 V | 0.19 V (0.08%) | 1.7 W | ✓ PASS (≤3%) |
| 500 kcmil | 253.4 mm² | 380 A | 0.09 V (0.04%) | 239.9 V | 0.15 V (0.06%) | 1.4 W | ✓ PASS (≤3%) |
| 600 kcmil | 304.0 mm² | 420 A | 0.08 V (0.03%) | 239.9 V | 0.13 V (0.05%) | 1.2 W | ✓ PASS (≤3%) |
| 750 kcmil | 380.0 mm² | 475 A | 0.06 V (0.03%) | 239.9 V | 0.1 V (0.04%) | 0.9 W | ✓ PASS (≤3%) |
| 1000 kcmil | 506.7 mm² | 545 A | 0.05 V (0.02%) | 240.0 V | 0.08 V (0.03%) | 0.7 W | ✓ PASS (≤3%) |
Frequently Asked Engineering Questions
What size copper wire do I need for 15 amps at 120 feet (240V)?
To stay within the NEC recommended 3% maximum voltage drop for a 15A load over 120 feet one-way at 240V (1-Phase), you need 12 AWG copper wire. This produces a voltage drop of 7.09V (2.96%) and delivers 232.9V at the load.
What size aluminum wire is required for 15 amps at 120 feet?
Using aluminum conductors (75°C rating), you should use 8 AWG to maintain voltage drop at 4.63V (1.93%).
What breaker size is needed for a 15A continuous load?
Under NEC 210.20(A), continuous loads require a circuit breaker rated at 125% of the continuous current (15A × 1.25 = 18.8A), which corresponds to a standard 20A circuit breaker.
Compare Other Distances & Amperages
15 Amp Wire Size by Distance (240V)
15A at 20 ft (240V)15A at 30 ft (240V)15A at 40 ft (240V)15A at 50 ft (240V)15A at 60 ft (240V)15A at 75 ft (240V)15A at 80 ft (240V)15A at 100 ft (240V)15A at 125 ft (240V)15A at 150 ft (240V)15A at 175 ft (240V)